國內硬度計行業的發展
過去很長一段時間，中國沒有硬度測試的概念，材料的硬度只能由經驗豐富的高手現場觀察火花或聽金屬撞擊聲等最原始的方法來估算。 .
直到 1960 年代和 1970 年代，中國才有少數國有硬度計制造商，但這些硬度計制造商只能制造一些基本的低端硬度計。
改革開放后，特別是隨著現代工業技術的飛速發展，我國涌現出一批民營硬度計生產企業，并迅速占領國內市場，硬度計的產量和品種發展迅速 .
在本文中，筆者將對我國硬度計制造業的發展現狀及未來發展方向進行評論和展望，以供同行參考。
我國硬度計行業發展現狀分析
一、優勢
（一）企業數量多，發展空間大
目前，中國市場上有大量各種規模的硬度計制造企業，但硬度計制造行業在我國制造業中只屬于很小的一個分支。 總產值僅3億元左右，未來發展空間很大。
(b) 國內硬度計市場的直接和潛在需求強勁
當前，我國國民經濟發展正處于由速度型增長向質量型增長轉變的時期，需要更全面、更準確的檢測數據來支撐。 此外，出于成本和經濟效益的考慮，不少企業紛紛選擇國產硬度計，這為國產硬度計制造業的發展帶來了良好機遇。
（三）目前，我國硬度計的測量、控制、計算機應用等技術取得重大突破，部分硬度計技術指標達到國際同類硬度計水平。
(d) 隨著數字信號處理技術的發展，動態硬度計的技術水平有了很大的提高。
2.缺點
（一）生產格局分散，行業集中度極低
據不完全統計，2015年國內硬度計行業年銷售額超過1000萬的企業只有5家左右，年銷售額在500萬左右的企業只有10家左右。
(b) 舊觀念根深蒂固
一些硬度計生產廠家技術人員少，日常事務繁忙，缺乏對技術業務的總結或改進。 此外，一些硬度計生產企業在研發上投入的資金較少，研發手段相對落后。 制造的硬度計質量、重復性和穩定性較差，測試軟件功能低。
（三）產品結構矛盾十分突出
常規硬度計局部過剩，但高端硬度計嚴重短缺。
(d) 外觀顏色設計保持不變
特別是在展會上，您可以分別看到國產和進口硬度計的外觀和顏色。
(e) 同質化競爭激烈
面對微利的合同，一般小企業只能盡力簡化流程，用偽劣產品降低生產成本，根本無法保證硬度計的質量。 對于優秀的企業來說，長期投入吃緊，企業沒有足夠的資金投入研發，產品質量和技術永遠無法突破，根本無法與國外品牌競爭。 最終，廣大用戶成為了這種無序競爭的犧牲品。
(f) 關鍵技術缺乏合作開發
(g) 智能化和信息化程度差
(h) 國外知名品牌基本壟斷國內中高端硬度計市場
相關數據顯示，2015年我國硬度計進口配額約為1.5億元，約占國內硬度計生產企業總產值的一半。
另外，一些國產硬度計的需求定位也極其不合理，需要配置的硬度計都不管自己的需要都選擇進口產品，造成很多硬度計功能和投資的浪費，而且 阻礙國產高端硬度計。 的發展。
硬度計行業急需解決的關鍵技術
1.通用或萬能硬度計的核心零件——全量程高精度、高分辨率力傳感器；
2.高、低溫硬度計的配套附件——高、低溫模擬試驗箱及測量裝置；
3.自動化、智能化、網絡化技術在硬度計上的應用，如硬度計壓頭自動轉換技術和智能機械手與硬度計的聯動等；
4.高檔硬度計的研發制造，如：大空間硬度計、全量程的通用或萬能硬度計、全自動硬度計、高低溫硬度計、現場在線硬度計等；
5.提高便攜式硬度機測試結果的準確性等等。
英斯特力儀器是一家集研發、生產及銷售于一體的 影像測量儀，拉力試驗機, 硬度計 ,探傷儀, 粗糙度儀, 測厚儀, 金相設備廠家, 致力于為客戶提供更好的檢測儀器。
Development of domestic hardness tester industry
For a long time in the past, there was no concept of hardness testing in China, and the hardness of materials could only be estimated by the most primitive methods, such as experienced experts observing sparks on the spot or listening to the sound of metal banging. .
Until the 1960s and 1970s, there were few state-owned durometer manufacturers in China, but these durometer manufacturers could only make some basic low-end durometers.
After the reform and opening up, especially with the rapid development of modern industrial technology, a number of private hardness tester manufacturers emerged in China, and quickly occupied the domestic market, hardness tester output and varieties develop rapidly.
In this paper, the author will comment and look forward to the present situation and future development direction of the hardness tester manufacturing industry in China for reference.
Analysis of the development status of Hardness tester industry in China
A, advantage
(1) Large number of enterprises, large space for development
At present, there are a large number of hardness tester manufacturing enterprises of various sizes in the Chinese market, but the hardness tester manufacturing industry only belongs to a very small branch in China's manufacturing industry. The total output value is only about 300 million yuan, so there is a great space for future development.
(b) Strong direct and potential demand in the domestic durometer market
At present, China's national economic development is in a period of transformation from speed growth to quality growth, which requires more comprehensive and more accurate detection data to support. In addition, for the consideration of cost and economic benefit, many enterprises have chosen domestic hardness tester, which has brought good opportunities for the development of domestic hardness tester manufacturing industry.
(iii) At present, China's hardness tester measurement, control, computer application and other technologies have made major breakthroughs, some of the hardness tester technical indicators reach the international level of similar hardness tester.
(d) With the development of digital signal processing technology, the technical level of dynamic hardness tester has been greatly improved.
2. The shortcomings
(1) The production pattern is scattered and the industry concentration is very low
According to incomplete statistics, in 2015, there were only about 5 enterprises in the domestic hardness tester industry with annual sales of more than 10 million yuan, and only 10 enterprises with annual sales of about 5 million yuan.
(b) Old ideas are deeply rooted
Some hardness tester manufacturers have few technical personnel, busy daily affairs, lack of technical business summary or improvement. In addition, some hardness tester manufacturers invest less money in RESEARCH and development, research and development means are relatively backward. The hardness tester manufactured has poor quality, repeatability and stability, and low testing software function.
3. The contradiction of product structure is very prominent
Conventional hardness tester local surplus, but high-end hardness tester serious shortage.
(d) The exterior color design remains unchanged
Especially in the exhibition, you can see the appearance and color of domestic and imported hardness tester respectively.
(e) Homogenization competition is fierce
In the face of small profit contracts, small enterprises can only try their best to simplify the process, with fake products to reduce production costs, can not guarantee the quality of hardness tester. For excellent enterprises, long-term investment is tight, enterprises do not have enough capital to invest in RESEARCH and development, product quality and technology can never breakthrough, can not compete with foreign brands. In the end, the vast majority of users become the victims of this disorderly competition.
(f) Lack of collaborative development of key technologies
(g) Poor intelligence and information
(h) Foreign well-known brands basically monopolize the domestic high-end hardness tester market
Relevant data show that in 2015, China's hardness tester import quota was about 150 million yuan, accounting for about half of the total output value of domestic hardness tester manufacturers.
In addition, some domestic hardness tester demand positioning is also extremely unreasonable, need to configure hardness tester regardless of their own needs to choose imported products, resulting in a lot of hardness tester function and investment waste, and hinder domestic high-end hardness tester. The development of.
Hardness tester industry urgently need to solve the key technology
1. Universal or universal hardness tester core parts -- full range high precision, high resolution force sensor;
2. Supporting accessories of high and low temperature hardness tester -- high and low temperature simulation test box and measuring device;
3. The application of automation, intelligence and network technology in hardness tester, such as the automatic conversion technology of hardness tester pressure head and the linkage between intelligent manipulator and hardness tester, etc.;
4. R&d and manufacturing of high-grade hardness tester, such as: large space hardness tester, full range universal or universal hardness tester, automatic hardness tester, high and low temperature hardness tester, on-site online hardness tester, etc.;
5. Improve the accuracy of portable hardness machine test results and so on.
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